P

P-metric is the United States version of a metric sizing system established in 1976. Example: P215/65R15 89H; P means "Passenger" (P-metric/Non-P-metric) - This indicates a passenger car tire. If the first character in the size designation is a "P", the tire is a "PMetric" tire and is engineered to standards set by the T&RA (Tire and Rim Association). If there is no "P", the tire is engineered to ETRTO (European Tire and Rim Technical Organization) standards and is a "Metric" tire. The standards set by T&RA and ETRTO have evolved together and are virtually interchangeable.

An American vehicle brand. The first Packard car was built in 1899 in Warren, Ohio, at the Packard Electric Company. This successful automobile brought about the formation of the "Ohio Automobile Company", which evolved, in 1902, into the "Packard Motor Car Company". The brand name is from Packard brothers (William Doud Packard and James Ward Packard), which established the "Packard Electric Company" in 1890.

A setting in an automatic transmission in which the transmission is in neutral and the brake is engaged. Abbreviated by "P".

World famous Italian master of car designer, developer and creator of building techniques for car bodies. Battista Farina was born on November 2nd, 1893 in Turin, Italy. As the youngest of 11 children he was nicknamed 'Pinin' (in Italian, the word "pinin" means "youngest"). In 1961, the President of the Italian Republic, acting on a proposal made by the Minister of Justice, authorized the change of his last name to Pininfarina in consideration of his achievements in social and industrial activities.

He designed the body of the Fiat Zero when he was 17, in 1910. Later, in 1920, he went to Detroit where Henry Ford offered him a job, which he turned down to return to Italy. In his partnership with Vincenzo Lancia he designed many cars, including the Aprilia.

In 1930, he left "Stabilimenti Farina" and founded "Carrozzeria Pinin Farina". His plan was to build special car bodies, but he aimed at eventually expanding beyond the level of manual craftsmanship. He wanted to transform car body manufacturing into an independent industry, giving employment to increasing numbers of people. With this in mind, he equipped the factory with new industrial tools and procedures. In brief time he had assembled a production line able to turn out small series of vehicles at a rhythm of 7/8 vehicles per day.

After the war, Pininfarina designed and produced, among other things, the 1946 "Cisitalia" shown in the Museum of Modern Art in New York as "one of the eight outstanding cars of our time". It was defined as the best expression of simplicity and beauty of design in the automotive field. It set the standards for the post-war era automobile. Twenty years later, the Museum of Modern Art in New York would present another Pininfarina vehicle, the "Sigma", a prototype of safety car that would receive praise world-wide and especially in the United States.

When Nash Kelvinator, in 1951, contracted Pininfarina to design and build several models, it was the first time a European coachbuilder was used by an American car company. In the following years many automotive manufacturers would turn to him for the planning of new models for the assembly line.

Battista Pininfarina died in Lausanne on April 3rd, 1966 at the age of 73. Last among the many honors and tributes he received during his life, Pininfarina received the "Légion d'Honneur" from the General De Gaulle. Over his sixty years of professional activity, Pininfarina was named "Cavaliere del Lavoro" and "Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Arts of London" as "Honorary Royal Designer for Industry", He was later named "Fellow" of the same Society. King Baldovino of Belgium decorated him, at the suggestion of the Union Professionnelle du Ministère des Affaires Economiques. Pininfarina was named "Honorary Member" of the Engineer and Architect Society of Turin, which later granted him the "Premio Torino". He received the Gran Premio Nazionale Compasso d'Oro. He received recognition from the Paris Society for the Encouragement of Research and Invention, the "Gran Croce con Placca" of the Order of Malta, a degree "Honoris Causa" from the faculty of Architecture at the Turin Polytechnic Institute. The President of the Italian Republic conferred upon him the gold medal for education, culture and art. Also, during his trip around the world, Pininfarina was given a golden key to the city of Detroit by its major, with honorary citizenship.